... String of Assumption continues

 

We do not know. For solving the biggest question of century, any path has to be explored. Nevertheless, this is my question;

Can the fundamental structure of our universe be so complicated? Ray Salmonoff suggests:

“If a given set of facts about the world can be explained by more than one theory, how do we choose between them? …The short answer is to use Occam's razor: you pick the theory with least number of independent assumptions.”7  

 

Localized Gravity

In 1999 two leading string theorists Lisa Randal and Raman Sundrum introduced the Localized Gravity or so-called SR273.  They investigated a 5-dimensional scenario with the fifth dimension being an infinite, out of site and attached to a brane.  They concluded that such a universe is feasible and normal gravitation can exist in this model.

 

In SR2 model the infinite fifth dimension is a reflective membrane. Therefore, particles that hit the brane simply bounce back, so they regain their energy when they hit this membrane. Surprisingly, particles in this scenario are normal point particles of standard model not strings.

The localized gravity model is a big set back from bold exploitations of string theorists. String particles and many dimensions and branes are crossed out. This is a more sensible model. Although here again the fifth dimension is a space-like dimension. Being a physicists string theorist have to work inside a tangible arena. However, this is ignoring the intangible aspect of reality where we are so much acquainted with within our consciousness.

Please note that, the notion of particles bouncing back to 4-dimentional space-time is in line with our bouncing ball model introduced in wave-particle chapter.

 

Maybe we'd better accept point particles as the building blocks of the universe and take violent quantum jitters as the process of two-way transformation of matter and energy at Planck's Length level (or Planks pores).  Helge Kragh questions String Theory:

“Even on the theoretical level, there were several problems, namely, that theories were plagued by infinities and what are technically known as anomalies. Anomalies are terms that violate the symmetries or conservation laws when the theory is quantized. And therefore make the theory inconsistent…The entire development of super string unification was mathematical.” 3

 

Lisa Randall one of the string theory fort runners writes ⁷³;

 

"String Theory is a beautifully design suit that does not quite fit. In its current state, you can hang it on the rack and admire its fine stitching and intricately woven pattern_ it really is beautiful but you can’t wear it unless you make necessary adjustments…….Right now, we don’t even know whether we have the right tools to tailor string theory correctly.”

 

Just being beautiful and elegant is not enough for a construct to be a true feature of nature. When the first Calabi-Yau compactification (extra dimension's configuration) was found, it was beautiful and elegant. In addition, it could accommodate the three particle generations of standard model.

 

Therefore, it was introduced as a unique candidate for the shape of space with extra-dimensions. However within a week, Gary Horowitz found several other candidates. Now there are tens of thousands of Calabi-Yau candidates. Any mathematical construct has to conform to physical evidences to be considered as a feature of nature, otherwise we fabricate abstract and non-physical math.