Gravity is the central dilemma of the theory of everything, and it so happens that it is the central chapter of this model as well. In addition, I will offer an explanation for the unexplained Planck Constant in the paragraphs to come. An explanation is also proposed for the nature of the mass of subatomic particles. The explanations are verified by experimental findings in nuclear physics and the standard model of sub-atomic particles.

 

By definition mass is the resistance of an object to acceleration. This property is also called inertia. The true nature of mass is not completely understood.

The standard model of particles postulates that sub-atomic particles by themselves do not possess mass. Mass is defined only by inertia. The Newton equation for inertia is F = ma, where m is mass of an object, F is the force needed to accelerate it with the magnitude a.

 

 

Newton’s law of universal gravitation denotes that objects attract each other. The force of attraction is directly related to the objects' gravitational mass.
The Einstein's general theory of relativity however postulates that objects curve the space-time. He showed that gravity and acceleration are equivalent.

 

What we interpret  as gravity is in fact the movement of the objects with constant speed which are influenced by the altered geometry of space-time. The change of geometry of space is proportionate to the mass of the objects involved.

It is astonishing that these seemingly different properties of objects, namely inertial mass and gravitational mass, are equal. This phenomenon is called the Equivalence Principle. At this point, let us look at the main existing theories, which try to explain inertia and mass.

 

The most popular belief for a description of the origin for mass is the Higgs Mechanism.  As mentioned before, the standard model of particles postulates that particles by themselves do not possess mass.  The equation for mass acquisition through Higgs mechanism is given by:

 

 mi = Γ ћω²c/2πc²

 

Where Γ is Abraham –Lorentz damping constant.  Ћ is Dirac's constant and ωc is cutoff frequency (the frequency at which a mass respond to and starts oscillating). Please note that, everything else being fixed, in Higgs mechanism, the mass is directly related to the cutoff frequency of the wave-particle.

The Higgs postulate assumes a universal field called Higgs field that is carried by the Higgs Boson. Higgs Boson is a hypothetical particle that supposedly introduces mass to other particles through Higgs mechanism.

 

This concept has been extended to define the nature of mass acquisition by particles. The Higgs particles supposedly create crowding and traffic in a particle’s way.