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While our five senses illustrate a tangible world around us, somewhere in our mind we are living in a vast realm that goes beyond the objective world. This realm may not be palpable but we are very certain about its existence. It is the essence of our awareness.  Here we are going to explore this realm that enfolds within our cognition.
By using the word consciousness  I intend to go beyond the usual definition of the word as the cognition of an organism about itself and its environment. Consciousness is the essence of our being. It is more than just a background for mind activities. Quantum Mechanics takes it somewhere beyond just a tool for cognition. According to the Einstein’s Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, The conscious observer is participator in forming the physical reality.   
Here, for the sake of simplicity, I will use the two words (mind and consciousness) interchangeably.
Plato believed in duality and he described mind as a separate entity from body. Later on, Rene Descartes and his followers further developed this view. Aristotle and later on, Immanuel Kant, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in contrast, rejected duality. During the past centuries Aristotle's belief that mind is a product of brain function, has been more popular among scientific community. Mainly, because Aristotle's version was seen as more objective and yields itself to experimental scrutiny. However, it seems that recent findings and new theories are favoring duality. Santiago Theory of Cognition sees the consciousness as a process and body as the structure.
Francisco Di Biase and Mário Sérgio F. Rocha from International Holistic University, Brasília claim;
“Consciousness' conception as something essential, primary and irreducible is also found in the consciousness maps, obtained from thousands of psychotherapeutics reports and consistent and converging experiences, observed by several researchers of the medical and psychological areas.” (Jung, 1959; Grof, 1985; Moody Jr., 1976; Ring, 1980; Sabom, 1982; Kubler-Ross, 1983; Weiss, 1996)
I have adopted duality in this model. I will assume that the world has a dual and complimentary existence, an objective tangible part and a subjective imaginary portion. I further assume that these two aspects of the reality are entangled. In a sense, they are inseparable and create the reality as we know it. To summarize, in this view the image is just as real as the object itself. On this basis, my first conjecture is:
Assumption M1: Consciousness is a fundamental entity however it is entangled with the body.

The dualistic approach here is merely for analysis purposes. This assumption is not made to deny the holistic nature of reality. New science suggests that boundaries between materialistic domain and subjective domain are widely overlapped. Separating these two domains is not justified.
In the following paragraphs I investigate the hypothesis further. Here again I will use the notion of the complex number system to substantiate the above conjecture.

Complex Number System
 As mention before, complex numbers are the basis for the formalism of today's knowledge. These numbers are combination of two different entities. Real numbers represent the computable segment of the universe and imaginary numbers, which in my view represents the non-computable portion of reality.

Argand Diagram

 

In mathematics real numbers alone are just one dimension of the field and in a more fundamental form these numbers are written as,
 
N =X + iy                                                                

The new form includes the imaginary portion of the field as well.
Assertion C1 indicates that every measurable element has an imaginary dimension to it and as such it implies duality.  Since the complex number is fundamental and universally applied in mathematical and physical domains, I would like to adopt Plato’s view and take duality as fundamental to the world around us.

Consensus Reality
The consensus reality (the portion of reality that is agreeable by all) is the basis for our classical science. The foundation of consensus reality is objectivity and quantitative measurements (which is measured by real numbers). But Dr. Evan Walker ⁸ believes that upon measuring things by real numbers we are grossly reducing their real value.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By just mentioning a rose, we are not relaying the beauty or the scent of the flower; neither we are expressing its sentimental value and/or the mission inherited in it to carry on the legend of rose bushes. In reality, the actual meaning of a rose is much, much more. One can write a whole book about it and the legend even does not end there. Also, the true meaning of a rose differs for each person. A rose garden will raise different feelings and sentiment on each of us. The hidden essence in an object is the basis for non-consensus reality. Non-consensus reality is the portion of reality that is not measurable and yields itself to individual perceptions. We call it qualitative portion. The qualitative dimensions of things are very vast and do not yield itself to quantitative measurements.

This concept can be shown by using the Riemann Sphere. As mentioned before, Riemann sphere is an extended complex plane which includes infinity. As Assertion C8 states, The Riemann Sphere can represent an entity where only one circle plots the quantitative measure of that object while there are infinite circles on the sphere representing the qualitative values of it .

Riemann Sphere

Please note that qualitative properties of objects are in informational domain. They are not tangible. Here I will assume consciousness to represent the imaginary portion of our existence. The second assumption in this chapter is,
 
Assumption M2:
Reality has two intermingled faces, a consensus portion(computable,physical) and a non consensus portion ( imaginary, conscious-like, non-computable).

Entropy
The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the entropy always increases in any isolated system (see figure below). This simply means that if a system is left to itself, its temperature moves to equilibrium. In another words, its energy distribution will move towards equilibrium thus it will move towards maximum disorder. A homogenous and coherent state has maximum disorder. A structure is ordered

One of the characteristics of living things is they constantly get organized and evolve to more orderly structures. The same is true for consciousness. Our awareness constantly evolves and gets more structured. This however, does not overrule the entropy principle. Neither a living thing nor consciousness are closed systems. They constantly exchange energy with their environment and obtain organization at the expense of increased entropy in their environment. These kind of systems are called dissipative systems.

This leads us to the conclusion that living organisms cannot be studied as an isolated systems. Although they are a domain with negentropy (negative entropy), we need to study them in the entire system(include the environment as well). Many non-classical theories of consciousness like Dissipative Quantum Brain Theory are based on the assumption that brain is a dissipative system.

 Transpersonal Psychology
Currently, many interesting researches are being done to investigate the nature of consciousness. rTransnspersonal psychology is one of the fascinating ones. It is an extension of the humanistic psychology dealing with a common consciousness that extends beyond one’s ego boundaries and expands to other individual’s awareness. It even considers this awareness to be shared amongst other living things.  This common consciousness is not limited by time or space. Here I will compare the similarities between the proposed singularity with the assumptions in transpersonal psychology. 
William James, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, and Roberto Assagioli are among the psychologists who have set the stage for transpersonal studies.  However one of the prominent researchers, Stanislav Grof, has carried out decades of clinical studies pertaining to transpersonal psychology. He is a clinical psychiatrist and has held different academic senior positions in John Hopkins University, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, California Institute of Integral Studies, etc.
During his studies of more than 3000 volunteers, he has induced altered states of consciousness by administering medicines such as LSD and by the use of methods like hypnosis, relaxation, meditation, holotropic breathing etc. Many of the volunteers have been psychologists or psychology students themselves.
He describes his findings as being in line with the existence of a “Universal mind and Supercosmic and Metacosmic void.” ⁶¹
In his book, Psychology of the Future, Grof classifies the transpersonal experiences of his subjects as follows:
A) Violation of spatial boundaries; in these experiences subjects reported the feeling of oneness with other people, animals, plant life, and with all of creation.  There was also a sense of identification with the entire universe. Interestingly, these properties of mind in his studies mimic the non-local characteristic of the proposed singularity (Assertion S2 in previous chapter).
B) Violation of time boundaries; While most of the subjects had no or limited knowledge about some specific events in the past, they reported accurate envisions of these events that might be ancestral, racial or even planetary evolution and cosmological events (in line with Assertion S3).
C) Violation of information Boundaries; the subjects reported detailed conceptualization of their organ or body tissues, cells, DNA even the atoms and subatomic particles. Much of this information reported was not prior knowledge to the subjects in their normal state of consciousness.  This portion of Grof’s findings, concerning the mind, are also consistent with this model, specifically with Assertion S5 in the previous chapter where infinite information is allotted to the proposed singularity.  Furthermore, Grof mentions experiences beyond space-time, consensus reality and the ones that he calls “psychoid nature”. He concludes “The ultimate of all experiences appears to be identification with Supercosmic and Metacosmic void, the mysterious and emptiness and nothingness that is conscious of itself and is the ultimate cradle of all existence.” ⁶¹  How better could the proposed singularity be defined!  As shown above, Grof’s clinical experiences relate the consciousness to a void or as he calls it “nothingness.”
Grof also reports that under an altered state of consciousness, his subjects expressed conscious identification with animals, plants and even inorganic materials. Similarly, many pre-industrial cultures believe that “not only the animals, but also the plants, rivers, the mountain, the sun, the moon and the stars appear to be conscious beings.”⁶¹ This is also in line with the Assertion C1 in the complex number chapter which implies that any computable has an accompanying imaginary dimension.
Abraham Maslov, The known psychologist and educator called mystical episodes reported by his patients “peak experiences”. Rather than dismiss such episodes as abnormal, he suggests considering them supra-normal. His experiences show that these events normally lead to "self actualization" and improvement of person involved.
Psychiatrist Walter Planke, describes peak experiences as the state of mind that engenders feelings of…

• unity in the universe ( in line with the assumption that the proposed singularity is a uniting medium).
• strong positive emotion (obtaining energy and insight)
• disappearance of time and space( in line with assertions S2 & S3 in the singularity chapter.)

Grof describes his version of peak experiences, which he calls “experience of the Supracosmic Void”, as a state where “it has no specific content, but contains everything in potential form.”⁶¹ This is an assumed character which we attributed to singularity (absence of matter and presence of infinite information (Assertions S1 & S5). Transpersonal psychology defies the notion that mind is the product of brain function, rather it considers mind as a universal and extended entity.

Consciousness, a Separate Essence
During the past century, we have obtained a very detailed map of the brain. we have explored and found neurobiology and biochemistry of different functions of the brain; and we have explored how the brain works. However, none of this can prove that mind is a product of our nervous system.
One might ask, if mind is a separate essence from body, how come just animals with more complex nervous systems manifest more advanced consciousness. Shouldn’t all animals exhibit the same complex mind?  As an analogy let’s look at the movement organs, since this example can be applied to the mind as well. 
With better and more complex systems, organisms can move better or faster.  However the moving organs of an animal don’t produce the notion of movement. With these organs animals merely adopt motion. Similarly, we may assume that the more complex brain doesn’t produce consciousness either, it adopts the awareness. The mind performance of a more complex brain will be superior to a less developed brain just as the moving performance of a species with a more developed neuro-musculature will be superior to that of a less developed species.
Thus we may conclude that our brain is an organ which is actually adopting the consciousness not producing it.
Consciousness is not merely an essence that we feel its presence, but also it is a main portion of reality. In quantum mechanics chapter we will explore more evidences for the rule of consciousness in forming the world. In this text I adopt the Pluto’s duality and make the conjecture that:
Assertion M1: Mind is a fundamental entity.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mind as a Tool to Explore Singularity
Sir John Eccles, the Nobel Prize winner for his work on synaptic mechanism, believes a world exists out there that is separate from the material world. It contains all subjective and mental experiences.
By studying mind, we can make the notion of singularity more comprehensible. Try to imagine a being with no mass, no spatial dimension, a being that is not time bounded, and at the same time is a main source of information and enormous source of energy. The concept is very unfamiliar and confusing. Or is it?
We have an entity inside each of us that possesses the above characteristics. We call it consciousness or awareness. Let us explore the assumed characteristics of singularity in the mind domain.

Mind and Space 
After a while of sitting in your chair and reading these lines, maybe you are tired and thinking of a break. Perhaps your mind flies elsewhere, for example, to the kitchen. You may probably thinking about the coffee maker. Or perhaps your mind is with your loved one, which maybe at work or at school, at a distance. Without traveling in space you can meet your loved one within your awareness. If you are fascinated with astronomy, at times your mind can be two billion light years away. Where is our awareness? Can you show me a location for it? Can you give me a size for it? Is there an actual distance that our mind has to travel to reach to a remote area? May I suggest that the conscious realm does not include the notion of space?
As far as I know, there is no specific location in central nervous system, which is designated as the center of consciousness either. Later on we review how the Holonomic Brain Theory suggests that information in the brain is stored in frequency domain rather than an anatomical location the brain.

Assertion M3: Mind realm is not bounded to locality.

Ein Ajabtar ke mano tou be yeki konj inja
Ham, dar in dam be Araghimo Khorasan mano tou
It is most surprising that we are at this corner
At the same time we are in Iraq (west) and Khorasan (east)
Jalaluddin Rumi 13th Century Persian poet and philosopher

One can argue that when we are thinking about remote places, our mind is not actually in those places, but uses bits and pieces of memories and information to create virtual locations. Nevertheless, the fact that our mind bypasses the spatial distances in its domain sets the example for a non-local entity. Chris Clarke says:
“Mind is inherently non-local. On the other hand, the world is governed by a quantum physics that is inherently non-local. This is no accident, but a precise correspondence. Mind and quantum operator algebras are the enjoyed and contemplated aspects of the same thing.” ⁹

Mind and Time
How about time? In space-time universe, time just moves in one direction. it moves form the past to the future. In addition it takes time to move to distant futures. However, in our fantasies, we can travel to yesterday, predict events for next week, go back to ancient times, and even travel to the time of the Big Bang. Our mind does not have to wait for the passage of time to finish its journey to remote distances or to time travel. It seems our mind exist in any time or no time. May I suggest that the laws of time, as we know it in our space-time universe, are not applicable to our mind? Or assume that time dimension does not exist in mind domain? It seems that mind is not time bounded.
Later on, we will see how the notion of time in quantum mechanics mimics the time in our mind because particles can travel in both time directions (Feynman diagrams). Quantum entanglement also dims the notion of time. One of the new theories, Quantum Brain Dynamics, hypothesizes that states that give rise to the world we perceive are macroscopic quantum states⁷⁵. In quantum mechanics, time is still described by consecution of events that are happening in space. This is similar to classical physics definition of time. However, in the mind domain, time travel does not follow the sequence of local events. It is sudden and does not follow a trajectory.

Assertion M4: Mind is not time bounded.

Mind and Matter
Matter does not exist in our awareness but its image does. Let us make an imaginary world, a simulation of a daydream. Suppose you heard on TV that this week's Lottery grand prize is twenty million dollars. You are sitting in your armchair, having your coffee and thinking what you would do if you win the lottery. Of course, at first you would think of paying off your mortgage or car loan and other debts. Then you would start thinking about more exotic things that you could do with that money, like buying a Mercedes Coup, or a mansion with a 50 feet long pool, a tennis court, at least 6 bed rooms. You would also dream for a very large master bedroom with an on-suite bathroom containing whirlpool, sauna, steam room and any other facility that you may think of. Suppose you are not married yet, you would dream about marrying your ideal spouse and you picture yourself having a very happy life with children in the mansion. Yet, all of the sudden the alarm clock rings. You have to stop dreaming.
Where is that world that you created? Can you pick up a yardstick and actually measure the size of that pool or the land or master bedroom. Show me those children that you were playing with in the backyard. When was, is or will be the date of your wedding? Where is the location of your dream? Doesn't your dream mimic the singularity in the sense that it can contain a big world whereas it does not have any dimension or it is not bound to time? 
Which one is primary, the dream or the actual mansion? Isn't it true that dream is the origin of our creativity? Maybe you will stop and buy a lottery ticket in your way to work? While images of matter are all over our minds, as I mentioned before, no tangible matter could be found in the whole process.
Assertion M5: Mind does not contain the actual material world. But it can embrace an image of it.

Memory 
Memory is not time bounded or does not have any spatial dimension. However, it contains information of the material world. In our mind, events are not attached to the past. We can recall the events of the past to present time. Everything passes through our consciousness is registered in memory. Besides, total memory is constantly accessible.And finally, memories can be recalled and they reappear in mental domain at our will. For this to happen we need enormous data storage capacity . In addition, data is protected from overwritting⁷⁵.

Memory also exhibits the interesting self-organizing feature. As such it mimics the dissipative system described above.

No specific location can be defined as a house for our mind or memory in the central nervous system. There are different speculation about recorded memories in the brain. New theories like Quantum Field model of Brain⁷⁵ consider memory as a nonlocal phenomena. George Franck from Technische Universitat, Wien, Austria writes, ;According to Quantum Brain Dynamics, memory is printed to Vaccum⁷⁵;

The Holonomic Brain theory also suggests that our memory is restored as spectral frequency not as spatial data¹⁹. In addition it suggests that Consciousness has a spectral nature.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mind and Energy

 Now that you are here entrenched deeply in this reading, you might crave a cup of coffee, so you put down the book and make a coffee. What happened? What moved you?
For those who practice it, meditation is an energy booster. In a semse, our mind is a source of energy and motivation.
Assertion M6: Mind is a source of motivation and energy.

Mind and Information 
Mind is the information domain of our body. Information is received, restored, processed and analyzed regularly. According to Carl Jung our awareness also contains more subtle information in a place he calls collective unconsciousness. According to him, our mind has information restored from generations before and through the history of mankind. He also includes information from our ancestor mammals all the way to the first protozoa's and beyond as part of information which is stored in our mind realm.
Assertion M7: Mind is an informational domain.

I could go on to explore other characteristics of consciousness; however, I would prefer to stop here and leave you with the fact that our mind does not follow the laws of our space-time universe; rather it mimics features of the proposed singularity. While concentrating on the behavior of the mind, we feel a sense of familiarity and acquaintance with the singularity. Interestingly, mind activity mimics some of the very strange quantum mechanical behavior as well. Below, we are going to explore some of these similarities. The late physicist David Bohm refers to founder of quantum physics, Neils Bohr suggestion that brain mechanism is so sensitive and delicately balanced that it must be described in an essentially quantum mechanical way⁷⁵. Later studies seems to strongly support this conviction.

Quantum Mechanics and Mind

Superposition of States
By definition, super-position of states refers to a situation where an entity exhibits two or more, often contradictory, states at the same time. In quantum mechanics we believe that a particle simultaneously exhibits every probable and even antagonistic state.  This is just like a tossed coin showing head and tail at the same time.
In our consciousness we are frequently exposed to superposition of states. For example, simultaneous presence of contradictory emotions (love and hate) and even unrelated topics are common experience within mind function. In our mind we can accommodate simultaneously different possible outcomes of shooting towards the Schrodinger's cat (explained in Quantum Mechanics Chapter). If we shoot a bullet towards a cat there are two possible outcomes. Either the bullet hits the cat and cat dies or it misses and cat escapes. In our consciousness we can imagine and superimpose both outcomes. That is how we think, evaluate and make every day decisions. That is how the function of cognition works as well.
At the same time, our awareness contains many data and many unrelated or contradictive thoughts. Much more is embedded in our sub-conscious as well. Very second our brain processes 400 billion bits of data. In fact we are exposed to a chaotic domain deep in our subconscious. Each second only 2000 bits of data comes to our awareness.  Somewhere in our consciousness we use our logic to come out of the chaos and what surfaces is in order and at classic level. We consciously normalize and raise and form only a definite and deterministic picture out of chaos. My conviction is we delve deeper into the data processing when we meditate.

The super position of states in conscious realm mimics the superposition of particle’s properties in quantum physics. In quantum level all the possible states that a particle can have are exhibited simultaneously. The chaotic and frantic situation in quantum level is not even imaginable. So does fluctuation of thoughts in ones mind at deeper level. But what surfaces is a logical and ordered outcome. During his tranpersonal psychological studies, Stanislav Grof have used different methods to put his subjects to altered state of consciousness. It seems that in altered state of consciousness classical Barrier of thoughts is being removed and quantum level of mind reveals itself.  What we observe in microcosm is also a deterministic and ordered world. How a chaotic quantum level will produce the ordered classical physics is the question of the century. Coming out of the quantum frenzy to just one state is called state reduction.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Decoherence – the blossom of just one state in macrocosm out of infinite quantum superposition states in micro scale.

State reduction is also called decoherence. It dissolves the superposition of states at quantum level and changes the super-position to only one objective state observed in the macro-world. One of the suggested solutions for arising a deterministic classical world out of the quantum frenzy is the fact that particles are not isolated from their environment. They are in constant interaction with other particles and photons. For example, cosmic rays can interact with the particles in an object and reduce their states to one of the possible states. As a result we see objects in one state rather than in a chaotic and superposition conditions.
One may claim that super position of states in mind is occurring in an informational domain, whereas in quantum mechanics the superposition has materialistic origin. Super-position in mind domain is reduced to one state by the act of cognition. Therefore, we cannot equate fully the quantum mechanical state reduction to what happens in mind realm.
Please note that superposition in quantum mechanics is happening in the grey area between virtual and objective world. The boundary of consciousness also is overlapped with materialistic world in a grey area. Therefore one may reason that the two phenomena may be essentially the same. At the end of process, we end up with just one status and superposition and chaotic situation is resolved. Although, we are dealing with two different domains, (informational and material) it is part of our original assumption that consciousness and physical world intermingle to create reality.
As a matter of fact we may use the acts of cognition or conscious decision making as an analogy to suggest a new pitch for the ontology of state reduction in quantum mechanics. We may further explain how the Newtonian classic world can rise from the disordered and frenzy quantum arena using this same analogy.
During mind activities, logical conclusion is responsible for delivering definite cognition or decision out of the chaotic state of information or thoughts in mind domain. Through logic there emerge separate concepts and casual relationship between them out of the chaos. The late physicist and philosopher David Bohm describes the above concept;
Without the development of logical thinking, we would have no clear way to express the result of our thinking, and no way to check its validity. Thus, just as life as we know it would be impossible if quantum theory did not have classical limit, thought as we know it would be impossible unless we could express its results in logical terms. ⁷⁵
 
 Logic consists of laws that we believe govern the world around us. We consciously use these laws to extract a logical classical level conclusion out of the frenzy domain in the deeper level of consciousness. The major portion of or logic is acquired through our everyday experience with physical environment. We may call this portion common sense logic or consensus reality. There is another portion that is distinctive to a person or a culture. This portion can be called specific logic.
Perhaps a similar mechanism is responsible for replacing the chaotic superposition of many particles at deeper level to classical level world in macrocosm. Perhaps there are universal laws at work that govern the quantum frenzy so that the only possible macroscopic outcome is a definite, deterministic and logical world that we are accustomed to. If the procedure is to be similar to mind function, we need conscious selection to produce logical classic level physics. But then what is the definition of consciousness that controls this transformation. Nevertheless, consciousness studies can help solving this major paradox in physics.
On the other hand, the same outside reality creates a different and specific perspective for different persons . Here comes the rule of individuals to participate in creation of their world. Similar effect is seen in quantum mechanics where the observer (experimenter) can change the outcome of the experiment (see quantum mechanics chapter).

Entanglement
By definition, entanglement is the correlation between two spatially separate objects. It is shown that two particles are in immediate communication with each other even if they are miles apart. This mysterious connection is one of the main paradoxes in theoretical physics.
Harald Walach a psychologist from University Hospital Freiburg, Germany, extends and tests the entanglement concept to a group of his patients. He wanted to know if entanglement also exists between humans.
In his experiment, he chose a group of patients and randomly prescribed a medicine or placebo tablet for them. He shows the improvement of the patients who received placebo treatment compared to patients who actually received the pharmacological treatment was quite high.⁷⁸ He relates the improvement of patients who have not received the actual medicine to entanglement. Walach reports many other clinical experiments of himself and other researchers that suggest generalized entanglement between different patients in experiments. He postulates,
“By that mechanism (entanglement) quite a few other hitherto unexplained phenomena, which are deemed unscientific, could be explained. Among them would be relational phenomena as the basis for healing, ritual and other branches of complementary and alternative medicine, or para-psychological phenomena. Consciousness, possibly being itself a variable complimentary to matter, would enter the field by ways yet to be explored and would take a new role.” ⁴⁴

Mind you that memories of isolated events during one,s life time are also entangled with each other at every instant. How are we going to interpret this instant correlation of memories other than recognizing a coherent and singular nature for memory domain.

Complimentarity

Complimentarity refers to relation of two properties (A & B) of a system in such a way that , increase of one reduces the other one and pure presence of one eliminates the other one,s presence.

A X B = K, Where K is a fixed amount.

Complimentarity is one of the basic principles of quantum physics. There are many complimentarity relations in mind domain. The fundamental one is the relation of being and being there. Being is the state of consciousness without interruption of attending to physical environment. Being there on the other hand is paying attention to material world out there. There is a trade between these two states. Wolfgang Pauli one of the founders of quantum mechanics writes, It would be the most satisfactory of all if physics and psyche could be seen as complimentary aspects of the same reality⁷⁵.

About the similarities between mind domain and quantum mechanics, Dr. Karl Pribram, professor of neuropsychology at Stanford University states:
“We got the brain data first, and then we see, look, it fits the same mathematics as quantum mechanics.....the problems that have been faced in quantum mechanics for the whole century -- well, since the twenties -- and those paradoxes also apply at the psychophysical level and at the neuronal level, and therefore we have to face the same sets of problems. At the same time, I think what David Bohm is doing, is showing that some of the classical conceptions which were thought not to apply at the quantum level, really do apply at the quantum level ...... if indeed we're right that these quantum-like phenomena, or the rules of quantum mechanics, apply all the way through to our psychological processes, to what's going on in the nervous system -- then we have an explanation perhaps, certainly we have a parallel, to the kind of experiences that people have called spiritual experiences. Because the descriptions you get with spiritual experiences seem to parallel the descriptions of quantum physics.” ⁴⁵
Dr. Pribram like many other researchers testifies the close similarities between mind realm and quantum mechanics.
The many documents available regarding the resemblance between quantum mechanics and the mind are accessible on the Internet or elsewhere. It is enough to say the physiology of consciousness can be better described at sub-atomic platform rather than at cellular or molecular levels. Majority of researches are focused at function of neurons during brain activities. Although this kind of approach satisfies the hasty need of studying physiology of nervous system, it is a mechanical approach. This kind of approach leaves many characteristics of our awareness unexplained.
Previously I have speculated that mind, quantum world and astrophysics are interconnected and together they reveal reality in a deeper level.
It is astonishing that the above three apparently different topics (mind, astrophysics and quantum mechanics) are interlocking with each other like different pieces of the same puzzle. 
Isn’t it also ironic that our power of creativity is initiated in our mind, and the creation of the universe is initiated at singularity? Roger Sperry has written voluminously on his personal concept of mind and consciousness. In his view mind is one of a whole class of superior properties that emerge from material systems when they achieve a certain high level of organization.¹⁰ 

Quantum Mind
Still in doubt? I would like to refer you to a very interesting book, Quantum Mind, by Arnold Mindell a psychologist and physicist. Using scientific methods, he compares the mind with quantum behavior, the mathematic field and astrophysical theories. He shows how closely they intermingle and mimic each other to create a whole system. Dr. Mindell demonstrates that the mathematics of quantum physics reveals the pattern behind psychological and spiritual methods of unfolding dream time.
Francisco Di Biase and Mário Sérgio F. Rocha from International Holistic University, Brasília, the authors of Information, Self-Organization, and Consciousness: Towards a Holo-informational Theory of Consciousness claims:
“Our universe structured as a quantum holo-informational non-local field full of quantum potential with meaning, is an intelligent (informed) universe functioning like a mind, as Sir James Jeans already had observed.”²⁰
This holographic organization is what the late physicist David Bohm calls implicate order. His model includes, space and time in its structure as an enfolded dimension. Functioning in this holograph mode, our brain can “mathematically builds the objective reality” interpreting frequencies originally from another dimension, from a fundamental order, a holo-informational field located beyond time and space.²⁰
“Our mind is a subsystem of a universal hologram, accessing and interpreting this holographic universe. We are; interactive resonant and harmonic systems with this unbroken self-organizing wholeness. We are this holo-informational field of consciousness, and not observers external to it. The external observer's perspective made us loose the sense and the feeling of unity or supreme identity; generating the immense difficulties we have in understanding that we are one with the whole and not part of it.”²⁰  We will further discuss this issue in holographic theory chapter.

It is a novelty that the perceived world in our consciousness is in a macroscopic quantum state. By attention to our consciousness mechanism we can feel familiarity an comprehend the strange world of quantum physics. The world that many like Arkady Plotnitsky from Purdue University considers unthinkable and unknownable⁷⁵.
 
Collective Consciousness
Carl Jung's collective consciousness also assigns a border less entity to mind. Jung the father of modern psychology states that in deeper level of consciousness, we are aware of our past generation's endeavors during human history. He believed that in general sense there is a common awareness in between living things. His idea later developed to Transpersonal Psychology by Abraham Maslow, Roger Welsh, Stanislav Grof and others. The educator Robert Hutchins, Ph.D, points out that transpersonal psychology is the future norm of psychology. He believes our personality is the crust or skin covering our transpersonal essence. He further remarks, transpersonal psychology emerges out of personal psychology, as a result of the individual growth and maturation. He also believes that transpersonal psychology asserts that religious and mystical experiences and the perspective that derive from them are valid approaches to reality and can be studied scientifically. 

Mind, Mathematics and Physical World
Roger Penrose in his interesting book, The Large, the Small and Human Mind, questions the idea that the mind is a product of the material world. Rather he suggests that the mind and the physical world influence each other. ⁵
The creation of the mathematics that deals with actual physical entities can be explained materialistically.  One conjecture is that the human race dealing with material objects has created the mathematics to facilitate his interactions with the outside world.  But if math goes beyond the objective physical world, and if a part of that math can foresee and guide us through unknown territories like quantum mechanics, can we conclude that mathematics is a separate and real entity outside of our physical world and awareness?  
Long before introducing Planck distance, point was defined as an entity, which does not have any dimension. By experience, an ancient scholar should have described it as the smallest point that a piece of charcoal can create on a stone. But somebody's mind explored deeper into the darkness where his every day physical experience could not reach. He came up with the definition that point has no dimension. Now we know that the smallest possible size in space is plank distance (10^-33cm.). Beyond that, we are exposed to geometrical point with no dimension and no size. How did he or she come to such a definition for geometrical point? Where did this intuition come from?
Similarly, the negative number domain does not have an objective meaning in macrocosm either. But in the 15th century, mathematicians had to include negative numbers to be able to complete subtle calculations.  Without entering the new domain they would not have been able to close the field since positive numbers were inadequate in completing the mathematical calculations. Later on, the discovery of the electromagnetic revealed that negative numbers are describing a physical reality. So the appearance of negative numbers well preceded the time of exploration of a physical entity that can describe it.
Long before the development of quantum mechanics, mathematical calculation led Nicolas Chuquet an Italian mathematician to the square root of –1.75 in 1484. Of course he disregarded that portion of his calculation because it was meaningless and not real at the time. But this portion appeared and reappeared in future calculations of others. The mathematical field again appeared incomplete and ostensibly open.
The square root of minus numbers could not be described with the mathematics of the time. To resolve this, a new domain was needed to complete and close the mathematical field.  Gottfried Leibniz and others decided to call this kind of numbers imaginary numbers.

“For Leibniz, imaginary numbers where a fine and wonderful refuge of the divine spirit. Almost an amphibian between being and non-being….” ¹⁴

        For years, these imaginary numbers were generally considered unreal and impossible. Even Jerome Cardan who first had to use these numbers to create a formula considered them as meaningless, fictitious and imaginary. But later on, while studying quantum mechanics these numbers proved their authenticity and value. Is mathematics a separate domain altogether?
Only in twentieth century, we noticed that we have to use complex numbers, which are a combination of real numbers and imaginary numbers to present a mathematical model and explain the subatomic domain (Quantum physics). In fact mathematical calculations are ahead of us and are guiding us into a deeper understanding of the physical world. What is the origin of mathematics? Where do we get the intuition from? Is this convincing enough to accept mind as a separate entity that is not the by-product of our nervous system?

Consciousness, a Non-Computable Domain
Any element in objective world is computable. But in mind realm elements are continuous and non-computable. As Roger Penrose states:
“Non-computability in some aspects of consciousness and, specifically, in mathematical understanding, strongly suggests that non-computability should be a feature of all consciousness” ⁵
Roger Penrose then wonders:
“How one goes from computable discrete system (physical world) to a continuous system (mind)” ⁵
To define the concept further, one can claim that every concrete noun (like apple, planet, body, etc.) is quantitative and therefore belongs to space-time. Obviously the concrete objects require space and are time-bound.  On the other hand any abstract noun (like wisdom, hate or joy etc.) is non-computable and therefore belongs to mind realm and singularity in my interpretation. Abstracts nouns are not quantitative and do not occupy any space. They are also not time-bound.
Roger Penrose proclaims:
“If there indeed exists some sort of contact with Platonic absolutes which our awareness enable us to achieve, and which cannot be explained in terms of computational behavior, then that seems to me to be an important issue” ⁵
In this view, the main building blocks of our physical world: space, time, and matter, all have unbreakable basic units and beyond these limits they fail to exist. Therefore, I conclude that the objective world is a computable entity.
Likewise, if mathematics contains a non-computable entity, we should open our mind to a non-computable aspect for the world as well.  This leads us to a kind of duality in existence.  However, these features intermingle with each other and are not separable.

Summary   
About theory of everything Roger Penrose states: “...there could easily be a non-computational nature in the correct theory, if we ever find it.”⁵
Above, I have examined how actual space, time and matter, does not exist in the mind realm.  The representations of such notions in consciousness are merely images. I have also shown how the mind is a source of energy and information, which mimics the characteristics of the proposed singularity, therefore enabling us to assume further that mind may be an extension of the singularity.  I also have covered the studies which reveal close connections between mind and quantum mechanics.
In addition, I have shown that mathematics has a larger domain comparing to our physical knowledge. Thus, mathematics cannot be our invention. In so many instances mathematics is more advanced than our experience with physical world. In fact, physicists are following mathematics leads to offer theories and to explain the unexplained physical phenomena.  Finally, I deduced that mathematical knowledge is an intuition emerging from our deeper consciousness.
One of the objectives of this text is to suggest consciousness as a fundamental entity and to emphasize that studying and exploring its relation with macrocosm and microcosm (the world in large and small scales) is an essential part of studying reality.
How consciousness affects the reality at quantum level is a great mystery. In wave-particle chapter I am suggesting a possible solution for the puzzle.

The arguments presented are open for debate. The reader is encouraged to email his/her inputs to correct, modify or develop the contents. Please send your emails to; zpfields@yahoo.ca